Exporting high resolution imags paraview
Also, we should pay attention because in our case, preclinical models of brain tumours, the animals are not in their optimum health state. If the animal is allowed to become hypothermic, the metabolic rate will be correspondingly depressed and recovery may be delayed by slow detoxification of the anaesthetic agent ( 34). This assumes that body temperature is normal at the time of anaesthetic procedures. A warm recovery environment is essential and should be prepared before the animal is anaesthetised.
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Careful attention must be paid until the animal is fully conscious. Too often, there is a swift decrease in the attention devoted to the animal as soon as the experimental procedure is completed, when there is still considerable risk of animal death.
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The respiratory rhythm in our experiments with anesthesized mice is maintained at 60–80 breaths/min. The animal’s respiratory movement compresses the pillow and affects the pressure transducer that is linked to a computer that provides a graphical display of movement and the calculated respiratory rate. Respiratory rate can be approximated through chest movement detected by a small compressible pillow integrated with a pressure transducer. Changes in breathing and, consequently, in oxygenation can affect results, especially during functional imaging, by altering drug metabolism or cerebral blood flow. The physiological breath rhythm expected for an awake mouse is 160–180 breaths/min (range 80–100 to 230–250) ( 34, 37). The respiratory frequency is usually evaluated by counting breaths per minute. Essential organs, particularly the CNS and liver, may be severely damaged by relatively brief periods of O 2 deprivation and the respiratory depression during spontaneous breathing usually becomes irreversible when it falls to about one-third of the normal rate ( 34). Most agents which depress CNS activity are also respiratory depressants ( 36, 37). It is important to remark that both strain and genetic modifications in mice could cause variations in their susceptibility to anaesthesia-associated morbidity and mortality ( 35). On the other hand, environmental pollution with inhalational anaesthetics must be considered a hazard to lab personnel and due precautions to avoid fully open administration methods should be considered. The main advantages of inhalational agents are that the depth of anaesthesia can be adjusted fast, animals recover from it quickly and agents used are either exhaled unchanged or metabolised only in relatively small proportions by the liver, therefore being less likely to interfere with experimental results ( 34). Convenient anaesthesia may be achieved both by means of inhalational and injectable agents. General anaesthesia is a state of general depression of the CNS involving analgesia, suppression of reflex activity and relaxation of voluntary muscle.
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To achieve this, animals are usually explored under the effect of anaesthesia, which also reduces stress for the animal. In order to obtain proper MRI/MRS/MRSI data, any movements during the MR exploration should be avoided.